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  • [VB.NET][C#]WAV格式文件头部解析

简介

  WAV 为微软开发的一种声音文件格式,它符合 RIFF(Resource Interchange File Format)文件规范,用于保存 Windows 平台的音频信息资源。

第一节 文件头部格式

  文件头(Header)是位于文件开头的一段承担一定任务的数据,通常是对主体数据的描述。

  WAV 文件头由哪几部分构成

  RIFF块(RIFF-Chunk)

  格式化块(Format-Chunk)

  附加块(Fact-Chunk)块偏移地址需要根据实际数据变更

  数据块(Data-Chunk)块偏移地址需要根据实际数据变更

偏移地址 字节数 数据类型 内容
&H00 4 String 'RIFF'文件标志
&H04 4 UInteger 文件总长
&H08  4  String  'WAVE'文件标志

表1-1 RIFF块(RIFF-Chunk)

偏移地址 字节数 数据类型 内容
&H0C 4 String 'fmt'标志
&H10 4 UInteger 块长度
&H12  2  UShort PCM格式类别 
&H14 2 UShort 声道数目 
&H18 4 UInteger 采样率 
&H1C 4 UInteger 传输速率 
&H1E 2 UShort 数据块对齐 
&H20 2 UShort 每样本bit数 
&H22 2 UShort 可选

表1-2 格式化块(Format-Chunk)

偏移地址 字节数 数据类型 内容
&H26 4 String 'fact'标志
&H2A 4 UInteger 块长度
&H2E 4 UInteger 附加信息

表1-3 附加块(Fact-Chunk)

偏移地址 字节数 数据类型 内容
&H32 4 String 'data'文件标志
&H36 4 UInteger 数据块总长

表1-4 数据块(Data-Chunk)

第二节 代码实现

  1. 构建一个 WaveHeader 结构体

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''' <summary>
''' wav音频头部信息
''' </summary>
Public Structure WaveHeader
#Region "RiffChunk"
    ''' <summary>
    ''' RIFF标志
    ''' </summary>
    Dim RIFF As String
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 文件长度
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FileSize As UInteger
    ''' <summary>
    ''' WAVE标志
    ''' </summary>
    Dim WAVE As String
#End Region
#Region "FormatChunk"
    ''' <summary>
    ''' FORMAT标志
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FORMAT As String
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Format长度
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FormatSize As UInteger
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 编码方式
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FilePadding As UShort
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 声道数目
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FormatChannels As UShort
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 采样频率
    ''' </summary>
    Dim SamplesPerSecond As UInteger
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 每秒所需字节数
    ''' </summary>
    Dim AverageBytesPerSecond As UInteger
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 数据块对齐单位
    ''' </summary>
    Dim BytesPerSample As UShort
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 单个采样所需Bit数
    ''' </summary>
    Dim BitsPerSample As UShort
    ''' <summary>
    ''' 附加信息
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FormatExtra As UShort
#End Region
#Region "FactChunk"
    ''' <summary>
    ''' FACT标志
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FACT As String
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Fact长度
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FactSize As UInteger
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Fact信息
    ''' </summary>
    Dim FactInf As UInteger
#End Region
#Region "DataChunk"
    ''' <summary>
    ''' DATA标志
    ''' </summary>
    Dim DATA As String
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Data长度
    ''' </summary>
    Dim DataSize As UInteger
#End Region
End Structure
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/// <summary>
/// wav音频头部信息
/// </summary>
public struct WaveHeader
{
    #region "RiffChunk"
    /// <summary>
    /// RIFF标志
    /// </summary>
    public string RIFF;
    /// <summary>
    /// 文件长度
    /// </summary>
    public uint FileSize;
    /// <summary>
    /// WAVE标志
    /// </summary>
        #endregion
    public string WAVE;
    #region "FormatChunk"
    /// <summary>
    /// FORMAT标志
    /// </summary>
    public string FORMAT;
    /// <summary>
    /// Format长度
    /// </summary>
    public uint FormatSize;
    /// <summary>
    /// 编码方式
    /// </summary>
    public ushort FilePadding;
    /// <summary>
    /// 声道数目
    /// </summary>
    public ushort FormatChannels;
    /// <summary>
    /// 采样频率
    /// </summary>
    public uint SamplesPerSecond;
    /// <summary>
    /// 每秒所需字节数
    /// </summary>
    public uint AverageBytesPerSecond;
    /// <summary>
    /// 数据块对齐单位
    /// </summary>
    public ushort BytesPerSample;
    /// <summary>
    /// 单个采样所需Bit数
    /// </summary>
    public ushort BitsPerSample;
    /// <summary>
    /// 附加信息
    /// </summary>
        #endregion
    public ushort FormatExtra;
    #region "FactChunk"
    /// <summary>
    /// FACT标志
    /// </summary>
    public string FACT;
    /// <summary>
    /// Fact长度
    /// </summary>
    public uint FactSize;
    /// <summary>
    /// Fact信息
    /// </summary>
        #endregion
    public uint FactInf;
    #region "DataChunk"
    /// <summary>
    /// DATA标志
    /// </summary>
    public string DATA;
    /// <summary>
    /// Data长度
    /// </summary>
        #endregion
    public uint DataSize;
}
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  2. 打开 *.wav 二进制文件

  Dim data() As Byte = My.Computer.FileSystem.ReadAllBytes(wavFileName) 
    byte[] data = System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(wavFileName);

  3. 文件头部信息解析

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    ''' <summary>
    ''' 返回指定字节数组包含的Wave头部信息
    ''' </summary>
    Public Function GetWaveHeaderFromBytes(data As Byte()) As WaveHeader
        Dim header As New WaveHeader
        Dim tempIndex As UShort = 0
        header.RIFF = CType(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, 0, 4), String)
        header.FileSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 4)
        header.WAVE = CType(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, 8, 4), String)
        'FormatChunk
        header.FORMAT = CType(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, 12, 4), String)
        header.FormatSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 16)
        header.FilePadding = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 20)
        header.FormatChannels = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 22)
        header.SamplesPerSecond = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 24)
        header.AverageBytesPerSecond = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 28)
        header.BytesPerSample = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 32)
        header.BitsPerSample = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 34)
        If header.FormatSize = 18 Then
            header.FormatExtra = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 36)
        Else
            header.FormatExtra = 0
        End If
        tempIndex = 20 + header.FormatSize
        'FactChunk
        header.FACT = CType(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, tempIndex, 4), String)
        If header.FACT = "fact" Then
            header.FactSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, tempIndex + 4)
            header.FactInf = IIf(header.FactSize = 2, System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, tempIndex + 8), System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, tempIndex + 8))
            tempIndex = tempIndex + header.FactSize + 8
        Else
            header.FACT = "NULL"
            header.FactSize = 0
            header.FactInf = 0
        End If
        'DataChunk
        header.DATA = CType(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, tempIndex, 4), String)
        header.DataSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, tempIndex + 4)
        Return header
    End Function
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/// <summary>
/// 返回指定字节数组包含的Wave头部信息
/// </summary>
public WaveHeader GetWaveHeaderFromBytes(byte[] data)
{
    WaveHeader header = new WaveHeader();
    ushort tempIndex = 0;
    header.RIFF = Convert.ToString(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, 0, 4));
    header.FileSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 4);
    header.WAVE = Convert.ToString(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, 8, 4));
    //FormatChunk
    header.FORMAT = Convert.ToString(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, 12, 4));
    header.FormatSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 16);
    header.FilePadding = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 20);
    header.FormatChannels = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 22);
    header.SamplesPerSecond = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 24);
    header.AverageBytesPerSecond = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, 28);
    header.BytesPerSample = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 32);
    header.BitsPerSample = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 34);
    if (header.FormatSize == 18) {
        header.FormatExtra = System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 36);
    } else {
        header.FormatExtra = 0;
    }
    tempIndex = 20 + header.FormatSize;
    //FactChunk
    header.FACT = Convert.ToString(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, tempIndex, 4));
    if (header.FACT == "fact") {
        header.FactSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, tempIndex + 4);
        header.FactInf = (header.FactSize == 2 ? System.BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, tempIndex + 8) : System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, tempIndex + 8));
        tempIndex = tempIndex + header.FactSize + 8;
    } else {
        header.FACT = "NULL";
        header.FactSize = 0;
        header.FactInf = 0;
    }
    //DataChunk
    header.DATA = Convert.ToString(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data, tempIndex, 4));
    header.DataSize = System.BitConverter.ToUInt32(data, tempIndex + 4);
    return header;
}
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出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/experdot/p/4396980.html

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