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  • Java线程的生命周期

java.lang.Thread.State 枚举类型中(内部类形式),定义了线程的几种状态,其代码为:

 
public enum State {
    /**
    * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
    */
    NEW,
    /**
    * Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
    * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
    * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
    * such as processor.
    */
    RUNNABLE,
    /**
    * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
    * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
    * to enter a synchronized block/method or
    * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
    * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
    */
    BLOCKED,
    /**
    * Thread state for a waiting thread.
    * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
    * following methods:
    * <ul>
    *  <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
    *  <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
    *  <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
    * </ul>
    *
    * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
    * perform a particular action.
    *
    * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
    * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
    * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
    * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
    * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
    */
    WAITING,
    /**
    * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
    * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
    * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
    * <ul>
    *  <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
    *  <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
    *  <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
    *  <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
    *  <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
    * </ul>
    */
    TIMED_WAITING,
	    /**
    * Thread state for a terminated thread.
    * The thread has completed execution.
    */
    TERMINATED;
 }

1.生命周期

一个事物从出生的那一刻开始到最终死亡中间的整个过程.在事物的漫长的生命周期过程中,总会经历不同的状态(婴儿状态/青少年状态/中年状态/老年状态...).线程也是有生命周期的,也是存在不同的状态的,状态相互之间的转换.

2.根据java.lang.Thread.State线程的几种状态可以大致描绘出java线程的生命周期

  1. NEW 新建
    线程刚被创建,还没调用start方法,或者刚刚调用了start方法,调用start方法不一定"立即"改变线程状态,中间可能需要一些步骤才完成一个线程的启动。

  2. RUNNABLE 可行性
    start方法调用结束,线程由NEW变成RUNNABLE,线程存活着,并尝试抢占CPU资源,或者已经抢占到CPU资源正在运行,这俩种情况的状态都显示为RUNNABLE分别为:
    1)就绪:等待分配时间片
    2)运行:抢到CPU资源(分配到时间片)后执行代码

  3. BLOCKED 锁阻塞
    线程A和线程B都要执行方法test,而且方法test被加了锁,线程A先拿到了锁去执行test方法,线程B这时候需要等待线程A把锁释放。这时候线程B就是处理BLOCKED(锁池)

  4. WAITING 无限期等待
    一个线程在等待另一个线程执行一个(唤醒)动作时,该线程进入Waiting状态。进入这个状态后是不能自动唤醒的,必须等待另一个线程调用notify或者notifyAll方法才能够唤醒。还有join(无参)也会让当前线程进入WAITING状态

  5. TIMED_WAITING 有限期等待
    和WAITING状态类似,但是有一个时间期限,时间到了,自己也会主动醒来(sleep、join(有参)

  6. TERMINATED 终止(死亡)
    run方法执行结束的线程处于这种状态

作图如下:

蓝色字体部分表示线程当前状态

需要注意的是:在一个同步代码中,释放锁对象(锁对象.wait())该线程进入wait等待区后是无法再对锁对象进行操作的!!!所以notify()、notifyAll()要写在锁对象释放之前,例如锁对象调用notifyAll()后wait等待区中所有需要该锁对象的线程被唤醒进入锁池等待该锁对象,然后才开始释放锁对象,JVM将随机从锁池中挑选一个需要该锁对象的线程进入就绪状态


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  • 本文作者: 热心邻居老王
  • 本文链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/roud/p/15212880.html

    
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