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  • 用C#+Selenium+ChromeDriver 爬取网页,完美模拟真实的用户浏览行为

背景

 Selenium是一个用于Web应用程序测试的工具。Selenium测试直接运行在浏览器中,就像真正的用户在操作一样。而对于爬虫来说,使用Selenium操控浏览器来爬取网上的数据那么肯定是爬虫中的杀手武器。这里,我将介绍selenium + 谷歌浏览器的一般使用。

需求

在平常的爬虫开发中,有时候网页是一堆js堆起来的代码,涉及很多异步计算,如果是普通的http 控制台请求,那么得到的源文件是一堆js ,需要自己在去组装数据,很费力;但是采用Selenium+ChromeDriver可以达到所见即所得的完美效果。

实现方式

项目结构:为了方便使用,用的winform程序,附nuget包

 

 

 以下是form1.cs的代码,这里就只放关键方法代码了。需要安装最新的chrome浏览器+代码中使用的chromedriver是 v2.9.248315

复制代码
 1    private void crawlingWebFunc()
 2         {
 3             SetText("\r\n开始尝试...");
 4             List<testfold> surls = new List<testfold>();
 5             string path = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\图片url\\";
 6             DirectoryInfo root = new DirectoryInfo(path);
 7             DirectoryInfo[] dics = root.GetDirectories();
 8             foreach (var itemdic in dics)
 9             {
10                 string txt = "";
11                 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(itemdic.FullName + "\\data.txt");
12                 while (!sr.EndOfStream)
13                 {
14                     string str = sr.ReadLine();
15                     txt += str;// + "\n";
16                 }
17                 sr.Close();
18                 surls.Add(new testfold() { key = itemdic.FullName, picurl = txt });
19             }
20 
21             ChromeDriverService service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(System.Environment.CurrentDirectory);
22             //  service.HideCommandPromptWindow = true;
23 
24             ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
25             options.AddArguments("--test-type", "--ignore-certificate-errors");
26             options.AddArgument("enable-automation");
27             //   options.AddArgument("headless");
28             //  options.AddArguments("--proxy-server=http://user:password@yourProxyServer.com:8080");
29 
30             using (IWebDriver driver = new OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver(service, options, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(120)))
31             {
32                 driver.Url = "https://www.1688.com/";
33                 Thread.Sleep(200);
34                 try
35                 {
36                     int a = 1;
37                     foreach (var itemsurls in surls)
38                     {
39                         SetText("\r\n第" + a.ToString() + "");
40                         driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(itemsurls.picurl);
41                         //登录
42                         if (driver.Url.Contains("login.1688.com"))
43                         {
44                             SetText("\r\n需要登录,开始尝试...");
45                             trylogin(driver); //尝试登录完成
46                                               //再试试
47                             driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://s.1688.com/youyuan/index.htm?tab=imageSearch&imageType=oss&imageAddress=cbuimgsearch/eWXC7XHHPN1607529600000&spm=");
48 
49                             if (driver.Url.Contains("login.1688.com"))
50                             {
51                                 //没办法退出
52                                 SetText("\r\n退出,换ip重试...");
53                                 return;
54                             }
55                         }
56 
57                         //鼠标放上去的内容因为页面自带只能显示一个的原因 没办法做到全部显示 然后在下载 只能是其他方式下载
58                         //  var elements = document.getElementsByClassName('hover-container');
59                         //  Array.prototype.forEach.call(elements, function(element) {
60                         //  element.style.display = "block";
61                         //   console.log(element);
62                         //  });
63 
64                         //   IJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor)driver;
65 
66                         //    var sss = js.ExecuteScript(" var elements = document.getElementsByClassName('hover-container');  Array.prototype.forEach.call(elements, function(element) {  console.log(element); element.setAttribute(\"class\", \"测试title\");  element.style.display = \"block\";  console.log(element); });");
67 
68                         Thread.Sleep(500);
69                         var responseModel = Write(itemsurls.key, driver.PageSource, Pagetypeenum.列表);
70                         Thread.Sleep(500);
71                         int i = 1;
72                         foreach (var offer in responseModel?.data?.offerList ?? new List<OfferItemModel>())
73                         {
74                             driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(offer.information.detailUrl);
75                             string responseDatadetail = driver.PageSource;
76                             Write(itemsurls.key, driver.PageSource, Pagetypeenum.详情);
77                             SetText("\r\n第" + a.ToString() + "-" + i.ToString() + "");
78                             Thread.Sleep(500);
79                             i++;
80                         }
81                     }
82                 }
83                 catch (Exception ex)
84                 {
85                     CloseChromeDriver(driver);
86                     throw;
87                 }
88             }
89         }
复制代码
复制代码
 1  #region 异常  退出chromedriver
 2 
 3         [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
 4         private extern static IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
 5 
 6         [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
 7         public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, int wParam, int lParam);
 8 
 9         public const int SW_HIDE = 0;
10         public const int SW_SHOW = 5;
11 
12         [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "ShowWindow")]
13         public static extern int ShowWindow(IntPtr hwnd, int nCmdShow);
14 
15         /// <summary>
16         /// 获取窗口句柄
17         /// </summary>
18         /// <returns></returns>
19         public IntPtr GetWindowHandle()
20         {
21             string name = (Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\chromedriver.exe");
22             IntPtr hwd = FindWindow(null, name);
23             return hwd;
24         }
25 
26         /// <summary>
27         /// 关闭chromedriver窗口
28         /// </summary>
29         public void CloseWindow()
30         {
31             try
32             {
33                 IntPtr hwd = GetWindowHandle();
34                 SendMessage(hwd, 0x10, 0, 0);
35             }
36             catch { }
37         }
38 
39         /// <summary>
40         /// 退出chromedriver
41         /// </summary>
42         /// <param name="driver"></param>
43         public void CloseChromeDriver(IWebDriver driver)
44         {
45             try
46             {
47                 driver.Quit();
48                 driver.Dispose();
49             }
50             catch { }
51             CloseWindow();
52         }
53 
54         #endregion 异常  退出chromedriver
复制代码

 

 

 

 

总结

说一下思路:

1.跳转到指定的网页driver.Navigate().GoToUrl

2.确定数据源,从driver.PageSource读取数据

3.对html数据进行解析


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