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  • C#教程之C#教程之小工具：天气查询

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试听地址  https://www.xin3721.com/eschool/CSharpxin3721/

开发一个天气查询的工具主要由两步构成，一是数据的获取，二是数据的展示。

 一、数据获取

数据获取又可以分为使用其它公司提供的API和手动抓取其它网站数据。

1. 某公司提供的API

可以从阿里云的云市场中查找，可以找到免费的API，并且提供不同语言的示例，实在不会还可以向客服咨询...

回想当初使用A公司提供的API，使用B公司的APPCODE，还理直气壮的去问A的客服“我照你们示例写的为什么还调用失败”？？？

2.其它网站数据抓取

抓取数据源网站为中央气象台(http://www.nmc.gov.cn)。利用抓包工具，分析得出获取实时天气需要用到以下几个接口（以查询天津天气为例）：

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1）省及直辖市信息(http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province)
GET http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province HTTP/1.1
Host: www.nmc.gov.cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Cookie:UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238
DNT: 1
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
返回内容为：
[
  {
    "code": "ABJ",
    "name": "北京市",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ATJ",
    "name": "天津市",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AHE",
    "name": "河北省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AHE.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ASX",
    "name": "山西省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ASX.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ANM",
    "name": "内蒙古自治区",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ANM.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ALN",
    "name": "辽宁省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ALN.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AJL",
    "name": "吉林省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AJL.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AHL",
    "name": "黑龙江省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AHL.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ASH",
    "name": "上海市",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ASH.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AJS",
    "name": "江苏省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AJS.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AZJ",
    "name": "浙江省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AZJ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AAH",
    "name": "安徽省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AAH.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AFJ",
    "name": "福建省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AFJ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AJX",
    "name": "江西省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AJX.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ASD",
    "name": "山东省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ASD.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AHA",
    "name": "河南省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AHA.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AHB",
    "name": "湖北省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AHB.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AHN",
    "name": "湖南省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AHN.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AGD",
    "name": "广东省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AGD.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AGX",
    "name": "广西壮族自治区",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AGX.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AHI",
    "name": "海南省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AHI.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ACQ",
    "name": "重庆市",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ACQ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ASC",
    "name": "四川省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ASC.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AGZ",
    "name": "贵州省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AGZ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AYN",
    "name": "云南省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AYN.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AXZ",
    "name": "西藏自治区",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AXZ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ASN",
    "name": "陕西省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ASN.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AGS",
    "name": "甘肃省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AGS.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AQH",
    "name": "青海省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AQH.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ANX",
    "name": "宁夏回族自治区",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ANX.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AXJ",
    "name": "新疆维吾尔自治区",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AXJ.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AXG",
    "name": "香港特别行政区",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AXG.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "AAM",
    "name": "澳门特别行政区",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/AAM.html"
  },
  {
    "code": "ATW",
    "name": "台湾省",
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATW.html"
  }
]
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2）区县信息(http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province/ATJ)
//根据所选省或直辖市生成区县信息查询接口
GET http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province/ATJ HTTP/1.1
Host: www.nmc.gov.cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Cookie:UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238
DNT: 1
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0

返回内容为：
[
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/xi-qing.html",
    "code": "54527",
    "city": "西青",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/bin-hai-xin-qu.html",
    "code": "54623",
    "city": "滨海新区",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/bao-di.html",
    "code": "54525",
    "city": "宝坻",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/bei-chen.html",
    "code": "54528",
    "city": "北辰",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/da-gang.html",
    "code": "54645",
    "city": "大港",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/dong-li.html",
    "code": "54526",
    "city": "东丽",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/han-gu.html",
    "code": "54530",
    "city": "汉沽",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/ji-xian.html",
    "code": "54428",
    "city": "蓟县",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/jin-nan.html",
    "code": "54622",
    "city": "津南",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/jing-hai.html",
    "code": "54619",
    "city": "静海",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/ning-he.html",
    "code": "54529",
    "city": "宁河",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html",
    "code": "54517",
    "city": "天津",
    "province": "天津市"
  },
  {
    "url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/wu-qing.html",
    "code": "54523",
    "city": "武清",
    "province": "天津市"
  }
]
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3)某城市当前天气查询（http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/real/54517） 
GET http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/real/54517?_=1514185989171 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.nmc.gov.cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Cookie:UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238
DNT: 1
Connection: keep-alive

返回内容为：
{
"station":

    {

    "url":"/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html",

    "code":"54517",

    "city":"天津",

    "province":"天津市"

    },

"publish_time":"2017-12-25 15:05",
"weather":

    {

      "temperature":5.4,  //气温 ℃

       "airpressure":1023.0, //气压 
      "humidity":15.0, //湿度 %
      "rain":0.0,  //降水量 mm

    "rcomfort":43,

    "icomfort":-2,

    "info":"晴",

    "img":"0",

      "feelst":6.7//体感温度 ℃


    },

"wind":

    {

    "direct":"西南风",

    "power":"微风",

      "speed":2.8 m/s

    },

"warn":

    {

    "alert":"2017年12月25日14时天津市发布海上大风蓝色预警",

    "pic":"http://image.nmc.cn/static/site/nmc/themes/basic/alarm/p.png",

    "province":"天津市",

    "city":"9999",

    "url":"/f/alarm/12000041600000_20171225145105.html",

    "issuecontent":"天津海洋中心气象台于2017年12月25日14时43分发布海上大风蓝色预警信号：预计今天后半夜到明天白天，渤海西部中部海面将有东到东北风7级，阵风8级，请有关单位和人员作好防范准备。",

    "fmeans":"9999"
    }
}
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接口分析完毕，接下来就是利用代码获取数据的过程，以获取省及直辖市数据为例，代码如下所示：

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        /// <summary>
        /// 获取省及直辖市

        /// </summary>
        public List<ProvinceModel> GetProvinceData(ref string errorMsg)
        {
            string strResult = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                #region HttpWebRequest
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create("http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province");
                string cookie = "UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238";
                string referer = "http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html";
                HttpWebRequestHelper.HttpWebRequestConfig(request, cookie, referer);
                #endregion

                using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
                {
                    Stream respStream = response.GetResponseStream();
                    bool isNeedDeCompress = response.Headers.ToString().Contains("Content-Encoding: gzip");
                    if (isNeedDeCompress)
                        respStream = new GZipStream(respStream, CompressionMode.Decompress);
                    StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(respStream, Encoding.UTF8);
                    strResult = reader.ReadToEnd();
                    List<ProvinceModel> lstModel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<ProvinceModel>>(strResult);
                    response.Close();
                    return lstModel;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                errorMsg = ex.Message;
            }
            return null;
        }
      //其中HttpWebRequestHelper.HttpWebRequestConfig()是对请求头的一些设置。
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二、数据展示

数据得到之后，先是模仿原网站的样式用WPF简单的实现了一版，运行图如下：

最近工作不忙，感觉好久没搞WebForm，所以就又简单的做了下面这个：

 

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