VB.net 2010 视频教程 VB.net 2010 视频教程 python基础视频教程
SQL Server 2008 视频教程 c#入门经典教程 Visual Basic从门到精通视频教程
当前位置:
首页 > c#编程 >
  • C#教程之C#重载运算符详解

本文较为详细的描述了重载运算符的方法。一般来说,重载运算符在实际的项目开发中会经常的用到,但如果某些自定义类型通过简短几行代码重载一些常用的运算符(如:+-*/),就能让编程工作带来方便;重载运算符就是告诉编译器+-*/等运算符对于自定义类型进行什么样的操作,在代码中需要注意几点。

一、尽可能的不要改变运算符本身的含义

二、所有的运算符重载都必须声明为public和static

三、不同于扩展方法,所重载的方法必须是在被重载的类型内部,且用关键字operator

C#中的两个字符串相加,实际上是连接两个字符串,假如有两个EmployeeDetail类型相加得到一个EmployeeCollection集合,如:

?
1
2
3
4
5
EmployeeDetail a,b;
 
....
 
EmployeeCollection collection = a+b;

当编译器遇到上面的代码时就会自动调用EmployeeDetail类上标有operator +的静态方法,并将两个操作数a和b作为参数传递给对于的方法,该方法需要方法一个值赋给collection,假设EmployeeDetail类有三个属性分别是FirstName,MiddleName,LastName,还重写了ToString方法返回一个连接这三个名称的字符串,代码如:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
[Serializable]
 public class EmployeeDetail
 {
   public string FirstName { get; set; }
   public string MiddleName { get; set; }
   public string LastName { set;get; }
   public override string ToString()
   {
     return string.Format("{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}", FirstName, string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MiddleName) ? null : "."
       , MiddleName
       , string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(LastName) ? null : ".",
       LastName).Trim();
   }
 }

下面的代码为“+”运算符提供支持的运算符重载:

?
1
2
3
4
public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeDetail b)
{
  return new EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
}

OK,给EmployeeDetail类加上这样的一个方法之后,我们就可以像下面那个写代码了:

?
1
EmployeeCollection collection = new EmployeeDetail(){FirstName="Jackson",LastName="Bruce"} + new EmployeeDetail(){FirstName="Michael",LastName="Jackson"} ;

但是这样还不够完美,假设a,b,c都是EmployeeDetail类型,下面的代码会抛出一个编译错误:

?
1
EmployeeCollection collection = a + b + c;

为什么编译不通过呢?大家都知道除了赋值运算符外表达式是从左到右执行的,a+b返回的是EmployeeCollection类型,EmployeeCollection类型并没有重载“+”运算符,编译器不知道要执行什么操作,所以我们还有下面的两个方法:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeCollection collection, EmployeeDetail a)
{
  collection.Add(a);
  return collection;
}
public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeCollection collection)
{
  return collection + a;
}

这看起来似乎已经很完美了,但我们还可以做得更好一些,比如要将字符串“Jackson.Bruce”直接隐式转换为EmployeeDetail类型,也就是说可以将“Jackson.Bruce"这种格式的字符串直接赋给EmployeeDetail类型的对象,如:EmployeeDetail employee= “Jackson.Bruce",那么就需要重载隐式类型转换运算符了,代码如下:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
/// <summary>
/// 隐式类型转换
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static implicit operator EmployeeDetail(string name)
{
       /// 其实在这里可以写一个正则表达式检查name的字符串格式是否合法,如果不合法就抛出异常
       ///
  string[] arr;
  return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) ? null :
 new EmployeeDetail()
 {
   FirstName = (arr = name.Trim().Split('.'))[0]
   ,
   LastName = arr.Length > 1 ? arr[arr.Length > 2 ? 2 : 1] : null,
   MiddleName = arr.Length > 2 ? arr[1] : null
 };
}
public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeDetail a, string b)
{
  return new EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
}

看到这里您是不是迫不及待地想试试看,OK写个控制台程序来测试一下:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
static void Main(string[] args)
{
  EmployeeDetail employee = "Jackson.Bruce";
  Console.WriteLine("FirstName={0},MiddleNam={1},LastName={2}", employee.FirstName, employee.MiddleName, employee.LastName);
  Console.WriteLine("toString={0}", employee);
  Console.WriteLine();
 
  EmployeeCollection collection = "Michael.Jackson" + employee;
 
  collection += "Bruce.Lee";
  foreach (var e in collection)
  {
 Console.WriteLine(e);
  }
  Console.WriteLine();
 
  collection -= employee;
 
  foreach (var e in collection)
  {
 Console.WriteLine(e);
  }
  Console.WriteLine("===end===");
  Console.Read();
}

运行结果如下图所示:

全部代码,里面还包含其他运算符的重载,这里就不再介绍了,赶紧动手测试一下吧:

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
 
namespace 重载运算符
{
  [Serializable]
  public class EmployeeDetail
  {
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string MiddleName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { set;get; }
    public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeDetail b)
    {
      return new EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
    }
 
   
    
    public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeCollection collection, EmployeeDetail a)
    {
      collection.Add(a);
      return collection;
    }
    public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeDetail a, EmployeeCollection collection)
    {
      return collection + a;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 隐式类型转换
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="name"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static implicit operator EmployeeDetail(string name)
    {
      string[] arr;
      return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) ? null :
        new EmployeeDetail()
        {
          FirstName = (arr = name.Trim().Split('.'))[0]
          ,
          LastName = arr.Length > 1 ? arr[arr.Length > 2 ? 2 : 1] : null,
          MiddleName = arr.Length > 2 ? arr[1] : null
        };
    }
    public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeDetail a, string b)
    {
      return new EmployeeCollection() { a, b };
    }
    public override string ToString()
    {
      return string.Format("{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}", FirstName, string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MiddleName) ? null : "."
        , MiddleName
        , string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(LastName) ? null : ".",
        LastName).Trim();
    }
  }
  public class EmployeeCollection : List<EmployeeDetail>
  {
    public static EmployeeCollection operator +(EmployeeCollection a, string b)
    {
      a.Add(b);
      return a;
    }
    public static EmployeeCollection operator +(string b, EmployeeCollection a)
    {
      return a + b;
    }
 
    public static EmployeeCollection operator -(EmployeeCollection a, EmployeeDetail b)
    {
      a.Remove(b);
      return a;
    }
  }
 
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      EmployeeDetail employee = "Jackson.Bruce";
      Console.WriteLine("FirstName={0},MiddleNam={1},LastName={2}", employee.FirstName, employee.MiddleName, employee.LastName);
      Console.WriteLine("toString={0}", employee);
      Console.WriteLine();
 
      EmployeeCollection collection = "Michael.Jackson" + employee;
 
      collection += "Bruce.Lee";
      foreach (var e in collection)
      {
        Console.WriteLine(e);
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
 
      collection -= employee;
 
      foreach (var e in collection)
      {
        Console.WriteLine(e);
      }
 
 
      Console.WriteLine("===end===");
      Console.Read();
    }
  }
}


相关教程